Answers to frequently asked questions in the ASCII art discussion groups
news:alt.ascii-art
news:alt.ascii-art.animation
news:rec.arts.ascii

Author: Matthew Thomas 
Version: 2.0 
Last changed: 1998-05-10

NOTE: If you are new to Usenet News, please read the messages in news.announce.newusers
before posting to any discussion groups.

This FAQ is regularly posted to the newsgroups news:alt.ascii-art, news:rec.arts.ascii, and
news:alt.ascii-art.animation.

It is also available at the following locations:
http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/7373/faq.htm
http://artpacks.acid.org/faqs/faq-altasciiart.html
http://vibes.vossnet.co.uk/i/ighaig/ascfaq.htm
http://www.stud.uni-hannover.de/~freise/ascii/faq.html
http://fmf.ml.org/~shimrod/asciiart/FAQ.html
http://www.gwtc.net/~bakd/asciifaq.html

. What is ASCII art?

ASCII art is any kind of artwork -- pictures, charts, cartoons, whatever -- drawn with the
characters in the ASCII character set.

The ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) character set is a set of 128
characters (0 to 127) which are standard on almost all types of computer. The only characters
used in ASCII art are those with the values 32 to 126, which are shown below, and 13, which
represents a carriage return (new line). The other characters in the ASCII character set (0-12,
13-31, and 127) are control codes for representing things such as `end of file' and `backspace';
they should not be used in ASCII art.


032 [space] 048 0       064 @       080 P       096 `       112 p
033 !       049 1       065 A       081 Q       097 a       113 q
034 "       050 2       066 B       082 R       098 b       114 r
035 #       051 3       067 C       083 S       099 c       115 s
036 $       052 4       068 D       084 T       100 d       116 t
037 %       053 5       069 E       085 U       101 e       117 u
038 &       054 6       070 F       086 V       102 f       118 v
039 '       055 7       071 G       087 W       103 g       119 w
040 (       056 8       072 H       088 X       104 h       120 x
041 )       057 9       073 I       089 Y       105 i       121 y
042 *       058 :       074 J       090 Z       106 j       122 z
043 +       059 ;       075 K       091 [       107 k       123 {
044 ,       060 <       076 L       092 \       108 l       124 |
045 -       061 =       077 M       093 ]       109 m       125 }
046 .       062 >       078 N       094 ^       110 n       126 ~
047 /       063 ?       079 O       095 _       111 o  

These characters are almost completely standard, except for a few slight variations which you
should keep in mind when drawing and viewing ASCII art:

# (hash/pound): 
a hash sign on most computers, a pound (£- currency) sign on some British ones 
| (bar): 
a vertical line in most fonts, but in some it is split in the middle 
^ (caret): 
differs in size depending on the font used 
~ (tilde): 
appears in the middle of the line in some fonts, at the top in others 
' (apostrophe/single quote): 
tilts southwest-northeast in some fonts, is vertical in others (this also applies to the comma ,) 

Here's a small example of ASCII art using some of these variable characters: a snow-scene
paperweight, drawn by Joan Stark. How good it looks will depend to some extent on which
font and computer system you are using to view it. 

         ____
      .-" +' "-.
     /.'.'A_'*`.\
    |:.*'/\-\. ':|
    |:.'.||"|.'*:|
     \:~^~^~^~^:/
      /`-....-'\
 jgs /          \
     `-.,____,.-'

People use ASCII art for a variety of reasons, some of which are:
it is the most universal computer art form in the world -- every computer system
capable of displaying multi-line text can display ASCII art, without needing to
have a graphics mode or support a particular graphics file format;
an ASCII picture is also hundreds of times smaller in file size than its GIF or
BMP equivalent, while still giving a good idea of what something looks like;
it is easy to copy from one file to another;
it's fun to do! 

Index



. What isn't ASCII art?

The following specialized artforms are not ASCII art and are not welcome in the ASCII art
discussion groups.

ANSI or `extended ASCII' art. Many computer systems have an extended character set
of 256 or more characters, based on the ANSI or Unicode character sets and having the
first 128 characters identical to ASCII. These characters should not be used in ASCII art
because many types of computer system do not support them, and even those that do
may not display them in a standard way (for example, the Windows ANSI character set is
different from the Mac ANSI character set). 
HTML art. HTML, the language used in Web pages, can be used to add special effects
such as colours, font size, and blinking text to ascii art, and HTML can be read by some
newsreaders. However, the key word here is `some'. To many newsreaders, HTML art
will just appear as a jumble of  and will be totally unrecognizable. If you want to create
HTML art, do so by all means, but put it on a Web page and post the page address
(URL) to the appropriate discussion group. Advice on how to do this can be found at
http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Studios/9334/asciionpage.htm.
ASCII art animated using JavaScript. This relies not only on the newsreader being able
to display HTML, but also being able to run JavaScript. As with HTML art, put it on a Web
page and post the address to news:alt.ascii-art.animation. 

Not all "ASCII" is ASCII! Certain computer operating systems use their own specific character sets
which are modified hybrids of the original 128-character ASCII set. These "strains", if you will, have
been deceivingly dubbed as "Extended ASCII" or "High ASCII" as they have added symbols
beyond the first 128. Realize that while these extra characters may seem to give you more flexibility
in your artwork, you are severely limiting your viewing audience to those who use the same operating
system as you -- thus defeating the purpose of ASCII entirely!

Please refrain from using these special characters in addition to the 33 special control codes in
the real ASCII character set. Remaining within the 32-126 range benefits everyone in a multitude
of ways. Not only by maximizing the number of potential viewers, but it also ensures proper
interpretation of your artwork by others and will alter the way they perceive your abilities. This is
just one of the necessary disciplines of becoming a true ASCII artists. [RaD Man] 

Index



. What goes on in the ASCII art discussion groups?

In the ASCII art discussion groups people discuss ASCII art, post ASCII pictures, post improved
versions or variations of pictures other people have drawn, and generally have fun.

Types of messages which we usually enjoy seeing include: 
look, here's an ASCII picture I drew ... 
REQ: xyz (ie, has anyone got any ASCII pictures of xyz?) 
suggestions on, or improvements of, other people's ASCII pictures 
hey-guys-love-your-work-type messages! 
Types of messages which we usually don't enjoy seeing include: 
messages with the subject `ASCII art' (try to be a bit more informative, please) 
make money fast!!! ... (yawn, yawn, snore) 
heres the adress of my web site, come see it pleez (why should we?) 
don't read this, this is a test (that's what alt.test, misc.test, and many other `test' newsgroups
are for) 
There are three ASCII art discussion groups.
news:alt.ascii-art is the main group, where most of the discussion takes place. 
news:rec.arts.ascii is identical in purpose to news:alt.ascii-art, but it is a moderated
group -- all messages pass through an intermediary (the moderator) who checks
them for appropriateness before sending them to the group itself. The advantage
of this is that there isn't any unwanted advertising in the group; however, the frequency
of postings to news:rec.arts.ascii is very low at the time of writing (it was resurrected
in November 1997 after the previous moderator, Bob Allison (`Scarecrow') retired in
December 1996). If your news server isn't set up to allow direct posting to rec.arts.ascii,
e-mail your message to the moderator, Don Bertino .
news:alt.ascii-art.animation is specifically for discussion and postings of animated
ASCII art [see Question 12]. 

Index



. How do I view ASCII art?

If a picture you see posted to this newsgroup looks like a complete mess to you, don't panic.
There are several reasons why it may look weird.

If none of the pictures in the newsgroup look like what the sender describes them as, then you're
probably using a proportional font. To view (and draw) ASCII art, you must use a fixed-width font
-- one where all characters are the same width (like on a typewriter). If you're not sure if your font
is fixed-width or not, check the following two lines and see if they're the same length.

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii|
wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww|
If they aren't, find the option in your news reader which lets you specify which font to use. If you just
have a choice between proportional and fixed width, choose fixed width. If you have a choice of
which font to use, try different ones until you find a fixed-width one (using the `i's and `m's above as
a guide). Popular fixed width fonts include Courier, Monaco, and Fixedsys; anything with `fixed' or
`terminal' will probably be fixed-width. 

Some Internet Service Providers (ISPs) supply newsreaders to their customers which, strange as
it seems, don't allow them to use a fixed-width font. If this applies to you, there's not much you can
do except to ask them for a newsreader which does, or switch ISPs. 

If there are a lot of almost-blank lines in the picture, then the message is probably suffering from
`wrapping'. This wrapping may be being done by your newsreader; see if it has an option called
`wrap long lines' or similar, and make sure it is turned off. If this doesn't work, then the wrapping was
probably done by the news program of the person who sent the picture, in which case there's not
much you can do -- everybody else will be seeing the same thing. 

If there are a lot of < and > symbols in the picture, with words like HTML, FONT COLOR, B, I, and
so on inside them, then the picture has been sent in HTML format (see Question 2), and your
newsreader does not understand HTML (most newsreaders don't). 

If you still can't work out what the picture is supposed to be, try reducing the font size (if you can),
and moving a couple of metres away. If it still looks unrecognizable, then it's probably a problem
with the news program used by the person who sent the message -- or maybe it's just a really bad
picture! 

Index



. How do I draw my own ASCII art?

You don't need a special program to draw ASCII art with. It can be drawn using any text editor,
such as SimpleText or BBEdit in MacOS, Notepad in Windows, nedit, vi, or pico in Unix, BEd
or AZ in AmigaOS, edit in DOS, or any of the various Emacs editors. You can use a word
processor to draw ASCII art, but remember: (1) use a fixed-width font (see Question 4); and (2)
using any special formatting (bold/italic/coloured etc) is a waste of time, as it will be lost when
you post the picture.

There are some features of editors/word processors which can help when drawing ASCII art.
Overtype, also known as overstrike: removes the need for you to constantly realign
characters using the Backspace, Space, and Delete keys. Try the Insert key if there
is one on your keyboard, or look in your program's Options or Preferences. 
Rectangular copy and paste: allows you to select rectangular sections of text (not just
rows or parts of rows). On programs which have this feature, it is usually done by holding
down a key such as Ctrl while selecting text. 
Find/Change: allows you to change all the characters of one type to another (eg all the
~s to "s). 

But before you start, a word about fonts. For ASCII art you should use a fixed-width font (see
Question 4), because every type of computer system is guaranteed to have one, and that after
all is one of the main reasons ASCII art exists -- because everyone can view it. Different fixed-width
fonts do vary slightly in the height of the characters, but for most drawings this doesn't matter
that much.

DON'T try to post pictures drawn in a proportional-width (ie non-fixed-width) font: even if you
specify the exact font you used, the chances of other people being able to read it are pretty
slim (even `standard' proportional fonts such as Times New Roman can vary in width from
computer to computer).

The other thing to be aware of with fonts is the difference between serif and sans serif. Here's
roughly how an `m' looks in both: 

__ __   __        __   __
 |/  \ /  \     |/  \ /  \
 |    |    |    |    |    |
 |    |    |    |    |    |
_|_  _|_  _|_   |    |    |

    Serif        Sans serif
The serif version has little strokes, or serifs, at the end of most of the main strokes, while the sans
serif version doesn't (sans means `without'). For example, Courier is a serif font, and Monaco is
sans serif. This isn't often important, but if you're using a sans serif font, just remember to use the
vertical bar (|, above \ on most keyboards) to draw vertical lines, and not the capital i (I), otherwise
it will look weird for people using serif fonts. It also means that you should think carefully before
using characters like L and 7 for various corners -- they won't always look that good with a serif font.

One way to make drawing ASCII art easier is to type a row of spaces for however wide you want
your picture, and then copy this row and paste it for however many rows high you think your art will
get. Then turn overtype on, stick your cursor somewhere in the middle, and you're ready to draw.

If nothing springs to mind immediately, start with the ASCII art equivalent of the stick figure: 

      O
     /H\  Person
     / \ 
Fiddle with it, and see what you can do... 

      A                    _                o            _
      O   Person wearing   O`              _O_          (< =  Person about
     /H\  a dunce's hat   /H\  Professor   XHX  Angel   /H-'  to eat a
     / \                  / \              / \          / \   sandwich...?

Gradually you'll be able to add things like scenery around the person: 

      ___  ,---.
     / __\/---. ._,
      /  \@-.  -(_)-
          @     ' `    Person playing a banjo
         ,P            while sitting against a
         d'O_,     MT  palm tree ...
     ____@/|/________
     ::::@\O_,:::::::
     ::::::::::::::::

Draw your cat, your toaster, your musical instruments, your partner, anything that will sit still long
enough -- practice makes, if not perfect, then at least pretty good. Whether you do small drawings
(less work involved) or large ones (easier to make a drawing recognizable) is up to you.

The things which give beginning ASCII artists the most trouble are usually diagonal lines and
circles. Here are some lines of various angles: 

        |   |   /      ,'      ,-'     _,-'
        |  .'  /     ,'     ,-'    _,-'
        |  |  /    ,'    ,-'   _,-'          __..--""
        | .' /   ,'   ,-'  _,-'      __..--""
        | | /  ,'  ,-'  ,-'  __..--"" _______________

And here are a few circular shapes: 

                                           _____              __
                                        .-'     `-.        ,dP""Yb,
                                      .'           `.    ,d"      "b,
                                     /               \   d'    _   `Y,
                             _      ;                 ;  8     8    `b
                  __      ,'" "`.   |                 |  `b,_,aP     P
          __    ,'  `.   /       \  ;                 ;    """"     d'
        .'  `. /      |  |       |   \               /            ,P"
     _  |    | |      /  \       /    `.           .'     a,.__,aP"
. o (_) `.__.'  `.__.'    `.___.'       `-._____.-'        `"""''

The spiral is a good example of anti-aliasing -- using the particular shape of some characters
(especially b, d, and P) to smooth the edge of a solid shape.

A final point: don't use the Tab key. Pressing Tab will go along a certain number of spaces in
your editor/word processor -- but that `certain number' is different for different newsreaders,
editors, and so on, so your picture may suffer from what is known as `tab damage' when other
people try to view it. Just use spaces instead.

Here are a couple links to existing ASCII art tutorials:
http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/7373/dcau.htm (Daniel Au's Tutorial)
http://www.inetw.net/~mullen/asciiart.htm (Allen Mullen's Site- several tutorials)

Index



. What should I know before posting ASCII art?

It doesn't matter if it's not particularly good -- we'd like to see it anyway. We won't be rude about it
(although you'd better tell us what it is, or we might ask :-), but if it shows potential, you may find
that other people will `re-diddle' it -- change a few characters, make it a bit better, and re-post it.

HOWEVER, there are a few things you should check before you post any piece of ASCII art.
 
Are you sending it as plain text? Some news programs, particularly those built in to Web
browsers, read and write messages in HTML (HyperText Markup Language, the language
which Web pages are written in). HTML allows colours and (using JavaScript) animations in
ASCII art, but few newsreaders support it, and those which don't will show a whole lot of
garbage text with your picture hidden inside it. 
So if you have one of these HTML-sending programs, PLEASE select the option which
tells it to send messages as plain text only. If you have a picture which uses HTML for a
particular feature (such as colours or animation), put it on a Web page, and post the URL
of the page to alt.ascii-art, rather than posting the whole picture.
Is it under 72 characters wide? Most news readers can only show lines which are under
either 72, 76, or 80 characters wide, so if your picture is wider than 72 characters it may get
wrapped (see Question 4). Also remove any unnecessary space characters from the end
of each line of the picture, to prevent lines from being too long (and getting wrapped)
without your realizing. 
Have you used any control codes? Inserting control codes (ASCII characters 0 to 31) in a
picture can sometimes achieve interesting effects on your computer screen or news reader,
such as reversing text, changing its colour, and so on. DO NOT post any of these pictures to
alt.ascii-art, for two reasons: 
the effects that the control codes have on your news reader are almost certainly
going to be different from those on the thousands of other news readers that other
people use 
on some news readers, control codes can cause messed up displays, messages
not appearing, or (in some cases) the news reader crashing.
If your first line starts with one or more spaces, stick a dummy line (such as -- or .) above it,
to prevent the spaces from being ignored by your news program (this only applies to some
news programs, and only to the first line of the message). 
If you're not sure about whether your message will turn out ok, post it to a test newsgroup (such as
news:alt.test or news:misc.test) first and make sure (using a different newsreader, if you can) that
you can read it ok.

[See Question 10 for advice on posting someone else's ASCII art.]

Index



. Can I post to ask for some text drawn in ASCII?

Probably not, unless we're REALLY bored. The reason for this is that there is a program called
Figlet which does that sort of thing automatically -- you type in `Jane Smith', and you get back

         ___              __,               
        ( /              (          o _/_ / 
         / __,  _   _     `.  _ _  ,  /  /_ 
       _/_(_/(_/ /_(/_  (___)/ / /_(_(__/ /_
      //                                    
     (/                                     

in this and a whole lot of other fonts (lettering styles). The ASCII text-art produced by Figlet can
be quite stunning, so it's best to try it first before asking for help from the newsgroup.

The Figlet home page is at http://st-www.cs.uiuc.edu/users/chai/figlet.html. This site links to the
FTP site ftp://ftp.internexus.net/pub/figlet where you can download versions of the program for
many different platforms.

If you have a Web browser which has form support (most browsers do), you can run Figlet on
the Internet by going to one of the following sites and choosing your text and options on the Web
page. Different sites offer different options (eg multiple fonts at once, justification, line length
etc). Some of these sites also provide an e-mail Figlet service for people with browsers which
don't support forms.
http://www.surfplaza.com/figlet/ 
http://wwwcn.cern.ch/~rigaut/FigletJava.html 
http://www.schnoggo.com/figlet.html 
http://www.inf.utfsm.cl/cgi-bin/figlet/ 
http://saigon.mit.edu/dinhyen/figlet/figlet.html 
http://www.mediacube.de/cgi-bin/moniteurs/figlet/ 
http://www.sconnect.net/figlet/index.cgi 
http://boulder.Colorado.EDU/~kai/figlet.html 
http://www.ifi.unizh.ch/cgi-bin/bwagner/FIGLET/figlet.pl 
http://www.se.cuhk.edu.hk/~mcchau3/cgi-bin/express.html 
http://www.webserve.com/gateways/figletgateway.pl 
(Thanks to Shimrod and Veronica Karlsson for the original list.)

If Figlet doesn't produce the kind of results you want, THEN you can post to the newsgroup with
your request. Make sure that you include:
the fact that you have already tried Figlet, or don't have access to it (otherwise you will
probably just get told to use it) 
a description of the kind of lettering you want, along with any other symbols or logos which
you would like incorporated into it. 

Index



. Can I post to ask for an ASCII art picture?

Yes, if we find it interesting. Give your request the subject `REQ: xyz' if you're looking for a picture
of an xyz, then in the message describe more exactly what you're looking for. Generally, the more
specific you are, the more likely you are to get someone to draw what you want: if you just say
something like `can someone draw me a fish' then you're not likely to get many replies, because
people won't be sure whether or not they're wasting their time by drawing something you won't
want. If you don't have Web access, mention this fact, otherwise you may get replies consisting
only of URLs for the kind of pictures you're looking for.

Index



. How do I get an existing picture converted to ASCII art?

There are computer programs which convert graphics files of a particular format (usually GIF)
to ASCII art. They go by names such as ascgif, gifa, gifscii, and gif2ascii. Do a Web search for
any of these programs to find places where you can download them. Try: 

gopher://twinbrook.cis.uab.edu/1A/atools.70
ftp://ftp.wwa.com/pub/Scarecrow/Gifscii/ 
However, the output from these programs is often not good (fiddling with the picture in an
image-editing program beforehand may help). In this case, you can post a request to the
newsgroup asking for someone to `asciify' it, but please don't post the picture itself. To save
downloading time for people reading the messages, if possible give the URL (Web address)
of the picture instead.

If you saw the picture on a Web page, you can find out its URL by right- clicking on it (on the
Macintosh, holding down the mouse button) and selecting `Open this image' (or its equivalent for
your Web browser), then copy the URL from the Location bar to your news program (make sure
you copy it exactly).

If the picture is not on a Web site anywhere, put it up on your own site (if you have one), or get
a friend to put it up on their site, and post the URL to alt.ascii-art. If you can't do this, post your
request to alt.ascii-art and wait for an artist to reply, then e-mail the picture to them.

Index



. Can I post or use other people's ASCII art?

Don't assume that if somebody posts something to a newsgroup, that gives you the right to use
it however you like; copyright laws still apply. For more information, see the article `Copyright
Myths FAQ: 10 big myths about copyright explained' in news:news.announce.newusers.
(It is also available at http://www.clari.net/brad/copymyths.html.)

ASCII art is often an exception to this rule, though: generally, ASCII artists don't mind if you copy
their pictures and repost them or put them on your own Web site for your personal use. There are
a few important conditions, however.
If the picture contains a few letters in one corner which don't seem to be part of the
picture, they're the artist's initials. DO NOT remove these initials -- would you cut
away the part of a Van Gogh painting containing his name? Leaving the initials on
is a small price to pay for being able to use the picture for free.
If you're going to use a picture in your signature file, or in a place (such as a log-in
screen) which means you're going to be using it a lot, you should really e-mail the
artist (or post to the newsgroup, if you don't know their address) and ask for permission,
because otherwise people may get the mistaken impression that you were the one who
drew the picture. 
As for posting other people's ASCII art, after a discussion in news:alt.ascii-art the following
rules were agreed upon: 
If an ASCII ART picture has initials on it, leave them on when posting it. 
If an ASCII ART picture doesn't have initials on it, mention that you didn't draw it when
posting it. 
If somebody posts a picture without initials and you have an original copy with initials,
feel free to repost the original version. The repost ought not to be taken personally,
as we all know that ASCII art often loses proper credits. Responses to the repost are
not necessary. 
                         [Donovan]


     ._____________
     |\===========||
     | \\be polite||
     |  \\\\      ||
     |   \\\\olite||
     | F  \\\\    ||
     |  A  \\\\ite||
     |   Q ||||   ||
     |     ||||ite||
     | a   ||||___||
     `\ z  ||||
       \ c ||||
        \  ||||
         \ ||||
          \||||

         Here is an outline for you to follow...  the five levels of
         politeness 

              1.) ULTRA POLITE:... 
              you make your own ascii and use it. 

              2.) VERY POLITE:... 
              You contact the author and ask if you can use it...

              3.) POLITE:... 
              You use it but, you keep the Credits in there like
              they should be. 

              4.) RUDE:...You use it and strip credits. 

              5.) VERY RUDE:... 
              You use it and claim that it Is  _Your_ very own
              creation...

          [ Krogg- March'99 ] 

          We on alt.ascii-art would like it if everyone could be on levels
          1-3, but there isn't really a lot we can do. Please, if you want
          to use other people's ASCII Art, stick to levels 2 and 3 above!

Index



. What should I know about signature files?

A signature file (or `sig' for short) is a small, personalized text file which an e-mail or news
program adds to the end of every message a person sends -- the equivalent of a letterhead
for dead-tree (paper) mail. Usually it contains little more than the person's name, organization,
and e-mail address, and an inspirational quote of some sort; but some people like to
incorporate ASCII art into their signature files as well.

The biggest problem that this causes is the number of lines that the signature file takes up.
This is a topic which, despite its lack of importance in relation to global warming, violence
in society, and so on, can be the subject of heated arguments. To summarize, (almost)
no-one will complain if your signature file is four lines long or fewer -- and it is quite possible
to draw good ASCII pictures which are that small. Some examples are at:

gopher://twinbrook.cis.uab.edu/1A/atools.70
ftp://ftp.wwa.com/pub/Scarecrow/Gifscii/ 
Some e-mail programs don't allow you to have a signature file which is longer than four lines,
while others just complain. Five or six lines is usually acceptable, but any longer, and you're
starting to take the risk that your signature will be longer than some of your e-mail messages;
this wouldn't really make sense on paper, so it isn't really acceptable in cyberspace either.
The exception is in messages posted to alt.ascii-art itself -- we're used to seeing long sigs,
so we won't complain.

But no matter what the length of your signature, make sure it's fewer than 72 characters wide,
otherwise it may end up a horrible mess -- see Question 6. 

Index



. Where can I find more ASCII art?

Lots of ASCII artists put up libraries of their own and others' ASCII art on their Web sites, 
as well as tutorials on how to draw ASCII art. Allen Mullen has links to many of these sites at 
http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/2695/links.htm.
Yahoo also has a page dedicated to ASCII art, at
http://www.yahoo.com/Arts/Visual_Arts/Computer_Generated/ASCII_Art/. 
And try Joan Stark's Web site: http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/7373/.

To find out how to animate ASCII art using JavaScript, see 
http://www.geocities.com/SouthBeach/Marina/4942/faq_hta.htm
http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Studios/9334/animlesson.htm.

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